Educational qualifications of Indian Prime ministers 18. Shri Narendra Modi (17.09.1950- ) Tenure: 26.05.2014- Present MA in Political Science from Gujarat University (distance learning) (1983). BA in Political Science from Delhi University (School of Open Learning, SOL) (1978) 17. Dr. Manmohan Singh (26.09.1932-) Tenure: 22.05.2004 - 26.05.2014 'Doctor of Philosophy' ( D.Phil./ Ph.D.) in Economics, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Research Topic: India’s Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth (1962). M.A in Economics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (1954) Honours degree in Economics, St John's College, University of Cambridge (1957) B.A (H) in Economics Panjab University, Chandigarh (1952) 16. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25.12.1924 – 16.08.2018) Tenure: 19.03.1998 - 22.05.2004 (Same as 13) 15. Inder Kumar Gujral (4.12.1919 – 30.11.2012) Tenure: 21.04.1997 - 19.03.1998 B.Com., M.A. - D.A.V. College, Haily College of Commer...
The Bhagavad Gita, sacred scripture, a part of the Mahabharata, contains dialogue between Lord Krishna and Pandava Prince Arjuna, providing profound spiritual and management teachings. It addresses the path to self-realization, duty (dharma), and devotion, emphasizing the importance of performing one's duties with detachment and surrender to the divine for attaining inner peace and liberation (moksha) from the cycle of death and rebirth. The teachings of the Bhagavad Gita took place on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, an ancient battlefield in present-day Haryana, India. Kurukshetra is a historically significant location where the great war between the Pandavas (led by Arjuna) and the Kauravas (led by Duryodhana) is set to take place. Let us summarise Bhagavad Gita through 18 most important slokas from 18 chapters. Chapter 1 Chapter 1, Verse 1 “dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata sañjaya” "Dhritarashtra said: O ...
Educational qualification of Chief Ministers of Indian states and Union territories (With update of CM of Delhi) A. North India 1. Jammu and Kashmir To be updated #Educational Qualification of Chief minister of Jammu & Kashmir President's rule 2. Ladakh #Educational Qualification of Chief minister of Ladakh President's rule 3. Himachal Pradesh #Educational Qualification of Chief minister of Himachal Pradesh #Educational Qualification of Chief minister of Himachal Pradesh Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu Name : Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu (27 March 1964) I n office since : 11 December 2022 Party : Indian National Congress Educational qualification : Degree in Law from Himachal Pradesh University. Ex CM #Educational Qualification of Chief minister of Himachal Pradesh #Educational Qualification of Chief minister of Himachal Pradesh Jai Ram Thakur Name: Jai Ram Thakur (6 January 1965) In office since: 27 December 2017-11 December 2022 Party: BJP Education: Pri...
1. Srimad Bhagavad Gita is for EVERYBODY (Young-old, In service-retired, Bachelor-family man, all) Lord Krishna was advising Arjuna, a family man with four wives and four sons. As per various life events of Arjuna, it was calculated that his age was 89 at the time of Kurukshetra's war (5480 BC). Unlike today, during Dwapara Yuga, life expectancy was 1000 years or more. Hence he was pretty young at the time of war. 2. Srimad Bhagavad Gita is only one historical Sacred text which is in Question and Answer (Q&A) form. Arjuna's questions/ doubts are getting clarified by Lord Krishna. 3. Bhagavad Gita Wisdom at the battlefield. Arjuna represents a common man like us, to whom Lord Krishna was transferring great wisdom at the very battleground of Kurukshetra. 4. Bhagavad Gita talks about inner peace, self realization. If peace prevails at home (our mind), we can concentrate on our duties for survival (outside world). 5....
Educational qualifications of Dr. B R Ambedkar Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar/ Baba Saheb Ambedkar / B R Ambedkar 14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956 Birthplace: Madhya Pradesh, his father's working place. Their family's native village was 'Ambadawe' in Ratnagiri district of now in Maharashtra. His surname was changed from original Sakpal to Ambadawekar by his father (Ramji Maloji Sakpal) as per their village name, which was further changed to Ambedkar by his school teacher (Krishnaji Keshav Ambedkar). 1902: Elementary Education, Satara, Maharashtra 1907: Matriculation, , Elphinstone High School, Bombay 1909: Inter, Elphinstone College, Bombay 1913: B.A (Economics & Political Science), Elphinstone College, Bombay, University of Bombay. Information provided in the page is from this book, Dr. Ambedkar : Life and Mission by Dhananjay Keer 1915: M.A (Majoring in Economics and with Sociology, History Philosophy, Anthropology and Politics) from ...
Educational qualifications of Indian Presidents 15. Smt Draupadi Murmu (1958-) Place of Birth: Orissa Term of Office: 25 July, 2022 to till date. Education: BA in hindi from Ramadevi Women's College, Bhubaneswar, Orissa Specialty: Reached the highest post from very humble background, First tribal president, 2nd woman president, 1st president born after India’s independence, 2nd president from Orissa . 14. Shri Ram Nath Kovind (1945-) Place of Birth: Uttar Pradesh Term of Office: 25 July, 2017- 25 July, 2022. Education: B.Com and LLB Degree from Kanpur University Specialty: Reached the highest office of the country from very humble background, 2nd President from Schedule caste community. 13. Shri Pranab Mukherjee (1935-2020) Place of Birth: West Bengal Term of Office: 25 July, 2012 to 25 July, 2017 Education: Degree in Law from the University of Kolkata. Master’s degree in History and Political Science Specialty: Long experienced public life, 1st...
Sensitivity and Limit of Detection (Detection Limit) Many times the sensitivity and limit of detection are regarded as synonymous and used interchangeably, let us find out is it correct?
Significance of American Chemical Society (ACS) logo The square shaped ACS logo has two triangular parts. The upper half consists of a mythological phoenix bird rising from the flame. The phoenix bird symbolizes immortality, like energy, and in ancient Greek and Egyptian mythology it is associated with the sun god, the supreme source of energy. The lower half consists of letter ACS along with 'Liebig kaliapparat glass apparatus'. The color of the upper half is of gold whereas the bottom half is of cobalt blue which represent fire and water respectively, the key components of chemistry. The Liebig kaliapparat glass apparatus was developed by German chemist Baron Justus von Liebig in 1830. He is widely considered as the father of organic chemistry. Justus von Liebig (1803-73) Kaliapparat glass apparatus is a small triangular hollow glass apparatus with five bulbs inserted along its three arms. The field of organic synthesis started with this apparatus and first precise...
Significance of Elsevier logo Elsevier was formed in 1880 from a dutch publishing company Elzevir, which ceased to exist in 1712. Elsevier’s name and logo originated from Elzevir[1]. Elsevier logo [2] contains An old man Standing beneath an Elm tree Elm tree is entwined by grapevine A poster with ‘Non Solus’ written on it Old man plucking grapes Old man represents a wise scholar, a philosopher. The Elm tree, which is a non fruit (useless) bearing tree [3] represents the tree of knowledge. Elm tree leaf The Latin term 'Non Solus', translates to 'Not Alone', represents the symbiotic relationship between Publisher and Scholar. Grapevine Grapevine is a fruit producing tree but needs support from other non fruit producing but sturdy trees to grow. Similarly, more powerful and knowledgeable people need the support of less powerful and knowledgeable people. This analogy is applicable for the Guide and Student or between Collaborators or between Publisher and S...
Educational qualifications of Indian Prime ministers 18. Shri Narendra Modi (17.09.1950- ) Tenure: 26.05.2014- Present MA in Political Science from Gujarat University (distance learning) (1983). BA in Political Science from Delhi University (School of Open Learning, SOL) (1978) 17. Dr. Manmohan Singh (26.09.1932-) Tenure: 22.05.2004 - 26.05.2014 'Doctor of Philosophy' ( D.Phil./ Ph.D.) in Economics, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Research Topic: India’s Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth (1962). M.A in Economics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (1954) Honours degree in Economics, St John's College, University of Cambridge (1957) B.A (H) in Economics Panjab University, Chandigarh (1952) 16. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25.12.1924 – 16.08.2018) Tenure: 19.03.1998 - 22.05.2004 (Same as 13) 15. Inder Kumar Gujral (4.12.1919 – 30.11.2012) Tenure: 21.04.1997 - 19.03.1998 B.Com., M.A. - D.A.V. College, Haily College of Commer...
The Bhagavad Gita, sacred scripture, a part of the Mahabharata, contains dialogue between Lord Krishna and Pandava Prince Arjuna, providing profound spiritual and management teachings. It addresses the path to self-realization, duty (dharma), and devotion, emphasizing the importance of performing one's duties with detachment and surrender to the divine for attaining inner peace and liberation (moksha) from the cycle of death and rebirth. The teachings of the Bhagavad Gita took place on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, an ancient battlefield in present-day Haryana, India. Kurukshetra is a historically significant location where the great war between the Pandavas (led by Arjuna) and the Kauravas (led by Duryodhana) is set to take place. Let us summarise Bhagavad Gita through 18 most important slokas from 18 chapters. Chapter 1 Chapter 1, Verse 1 “dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata sañjaya” "Dhritarashtra said: O ...
Significance of American Chemical Society (ACS) logo The square shaped ACS logo has two triangular parts. The upper half consists of a mythological phoenix bird rising from the flame. The phoenix bird symbolizes immortality, like energy, and in ancient Greek and Egyptian mythology it is associated with the sun god, the supreme source of energy. The lower half consists of letter ACS along with 'Liebig kaliapparat glass apparatus'. The color of the upper half is of gold whereas the bottom half is of cobalt blue which represent fire and water respectively, the key components of chemistry. The Liebig kaliapparat glass apparatus was developed by German chemist Baron Justus von Liebig in 1830. He is widely considered as the father of organic chemistry. Justus von Liebig (1803-73) Kaliapparat glass apparatus is a small triangular hollow glass apparatus with five bulbs inserted along its three arms. The field of organic synthesis started with this apparatus and first precise...
In this article we shall understand about the parentheses notation that is used in statistics to express the uncertainty. for example, 1.00794(7) What does 7 within the first bracket signifies? Reading the Parentheses Notation The number in parentheses applies only to the last digits of the number. Example: 1.00794(7) means 1. 0 0 7 9 4 ± 0. 0 0 0 0 7 . 1.00794(72) means 1. 0 0 7 94 ± 0. 0 0 0 72 . This format is used by IUPAC for atomic masses and in scientific measurements. Molar Mass of Iridium 192.21662(29) g/mol means: Measured value = 192.21662 g/mol Uncertainty = ±0.00029 g/mol How to Interpret It? The uncertainty (29) affects only the last two digits of 192.21662 . This means the actual value is somewhere between 192.21633 and 192.21691 g/mol . Radioactive Decay Half-Life Half-life = 670(102) s This means the value is 670 seconds ± 102 seconds . The actual value is somewhere between 568 s and 772 s . Lifetime = 967(147) s This ...
Educational qualifications of Dr. B R Ambedkar Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar/ Baba Saheb Ambedkar / B R Ambedkar 14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956 Birthplace: Madhya Pradesh, his father's working place. Their family's native village was 'Ambadawe' in Ratnagiri district of now in Maharashtra. His surname was changed from original Sakpal to Ambadawekar by his father (Ramji Maloji Sakpal) as per their village name, which was further changed to Ambedkar by his school teacher (Krishnaji Keshav Ambedkar). 1902: Elementary Education, Satara, Maharashtra 1907: Matriculation, , Elphinstone High School, Bombay 1909: Inter, Elphinstone College, Bombay 1913: B.A (Economics & Political Science), Elphinstone College, Bombay, University of Bombay. Information provided in the page is from this book, Dr. Ambedkar : Life and Mission by Dhananjay Keer 1915: M.A (Majoring in Economics and with Sociology, History Philosophy, Anthropology and Politics) from ...
1. Srimad Bhagavad Gita is for EVERYBODY (Young-old, In service-retired, Bachelor-family man, all) Lord Krishna was advising Arjuna, a family man with four wives and four sons. As per various life events of Arjuna, it was calculated that his age was 89 at the time of Kurukshetra's war (5480 BC). Unlike today, during Dwapara Yuga, life expectancy was 1000 years or more. Hence he was pretty young at the time of war. 2. Srimad Bhagavad Gita is only one historical Sacred text which is in Question and Answer (Q&A) form. Arjuna's questions/ doubts are getting clarified by Lord Krishna. 3. Bhagavad Gita Wisdom at the battlefield. Arjuna represents a common man like us, to whom Lord Krishna was transferring great wisdom at the very battleground of Kurukshetra. 4. Bhagavad Gita talks about inner peace, self realization. If peace prevails at home (our mind), we can concentrate on our duties for survival (outside world). 5....
1. What is Viksit Bharat ? Viksit Bharat refers to a fully developed India by 2047 2. The key features of Viksit Bharat are A high-income nation , where the per capita income is comparable to today’s richest countries. A country with strong social, cultural, technological, and institutional development . A nation that preserves its rich heritage while advancing in modern knowledge and innovation. A place where people enjoy high living standards (Human Development Index), better opportunities, and global influence . As per World Bank, high-income countries as those with a per capita income above $14,005 (as of 2023) . 3. Examples of High-Income Countries: North America: United States, Canada Europe: Germany, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg Asia: Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Israel Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 4. Rapid Growth: How Some Countries Became Developed Many countries have quickly move...
Educational qualifications of Indian Presidents 15. Smt Draupadi Murmu (1958-) Place of Birth: Orissa Term of Office: 25 July, 2022 to till date. Education: BA in hindi from Ramadevi Women's College, Bhubaneswar, Orissa Specialty: Reached the highest post from very humble background, First tribal president, 2nd woman president, 1st president born after India’s independence, 2nd president from Orissa . 14. Shri Ram Nath Kovind (1945-) Place of Birth: Uttar Pradesh Term of Office: 25 July, 2017- 25 July, 2022. Education: B.Com and LLB Degree from Kanpur University Specialty: Reached the highest office of the country from very humble background, 2nd President from Schedule caste community. 13. Shri Pranab Mukherjee (1935-2020) Place of Birth: West Bengal Term of Office: 25 July, 2012 to 25 July, 2017 Education: Degree in Law from the University of Kolkata. Master’s degree in History and Political Science Specialty: Long experienced public life, 1st...
Heavy Metals in Toothpaste: A Hidden Health and Environmental Risk Brushing your teeth is a daily must, but could your toothpaste be toxic? A recent study by Chengappa et al. in Frontiers in Dental Medicine found heavy metals in over-the-counter toothpastes, raising alarms about toothpaste safety and environmental impact (Chengappa et al., 2025). As someone who trusts toothpaste for a healthy smile, it is shocking to learn that metals like lead might be in my tube. Let’s dive into why this study matters, how it was done, what it found, the health risks, and what’s next for safer dental products. Why Was This Study Needed? (Context) Heavy metals, like lead and zinc, are natural but have spiked in our environment due to industry and waste (Masindi & Muedi, 2018). Essential metals (e.g., zinc) are needed in small doses, but nonessential ones (e.g., cadmium) are toxic, causing health issues like cancer (Jan et al., 2015). Toothpastes, used daily by billions, may contribute to heavy...
All particles are categorized into two groups based on their spin and statistical behavior : Fermions Bosons Fermions: Possess half-integer spin (e.g., 1/2, 3/2, 5/2) Follow Fermi-Dirac statistics Obey the Pauli exclusion principle (no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state) Bosons: Possess integer spin (e.g., 0, 1, 2) Follow Bose-Einstein statistics Do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle (multiple bosons can occupy the same quantum state) Hadrons are classified based on their spin : Baryons → Have half-integer spin (e.g., 1/2, 3/2) Mesons → Have integer spin (e.g., 0, 1) Following particles are fundamental particles Leptons Bosons Quarks However, hadrons are not fundamental but composite particles. In single bracket, we can see the actual meaning / origin of the word from Greek language. Like Meson means intermediate because, Yukawa predicted the mass of meson between electron and proton i.e. about 1836 times of an electron. Properties of the ...
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